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Phrases › Fixed phrases › Discourse markers
The fixed four-character phrase 综上所述 (zōngshàngsuǒshù) is a high-register discourse marker meaning 'to sum up what has been stated above.' It signals that the writer or speaker is synthesizing multiple prior points of analysis or evidence t…
View detailsPhrases › Fixed phrases › Discourse markers
总的来说 means “overall/on the whole”. It frames a broad assessment rather than each individual detail. Mixed advantages and disadvantages make a common use, but the phrase does not require counterexamples, guarantee fairness or determine wheth…
View detailsPhrases › Fixed phrases › Discourse markers
总而言之 is an HSK 7–9 fixed discourse marker meaning “in short” or “to sum up”. It introduces a concise takeaway from the preceding discussion or an understood situation; there is no minimum number of preceding clauses.
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The frame X到这个地步 / 份上 presents a situation as having reached a notable stage or degree. Learn what stays fixed, what X can contain, and how context shapes its tone.
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Learn the fixed patterns 得要命 and 得要死, what can precede them, how their force and register work, and how they differ from a neutral description.
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In this fixed pattern, repeat a verb or verbal expression around 都不 or 都没: 看都不看, 想都没想. The first occurrence puts the action in focus; the second denies it emphatically. This is different from the non-repeated quantity pattern 一句话都没说.
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Repeat an action verb around 就, then add 个 and a suitable result or degree: 玩就玩个痛快. The speaker commits to doing the action thoroughly, to a satisfying extent, or until a clear outcome is reached. It does not mean that a person has their ow…
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Use two action expressions in reverse order to show a cycle: X了Y，Y了X. For example, 写了改，改了写 presents writing and revising over and over. The frame does not simply describe two related changes, and its use of 了 is not a past-tense rule.
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X也好，Y也罢 presents two alternatives as a combined range: whichever one applies, the following statement holds. Learn its fixed wording, slot choices, pragmatic force, register, and a clear contrast with repeating 也好.
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别提（有）多……了 is a fixed, emphatic way to say that someone or something has an especially strong quality or feeling. Learn when 有 may be omitted and how context shapes the tone.
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不亚于 is a formal comparison frame meaning that one person, quality, result, or thing is no less than a stated comparison in a relevant respect. This lesson explains the fixed wording, what can follow it, its emphatic force, and when a simple…
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This advanced fixed pattern presents a speaker as unsure which action, option, or response would be best. Learn how its frame works, when it sounds natural, and how it differs from simply asking for information.
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