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Sentence types › Special sentence patterns › Comparisons 1
This guide explains how to build comparative sentences in Mandarin using 比 (bǐ), add specific or general difference amounts after the adjective, and choose between 没有 (méiyǒu) and 不比 (bù bǐ) based on context.
View detailsSentence components › Adverbial
In Mandarin Chinese, the sentence component that modifies a verb or an adjective is called an adverbial (状语, zhuàngyǔ). At the HSK 1 outline level, adverbials fall into three main groups: adverbs, adjectives acting as adverbials, and words …
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Degree adverbs
In Mandarin, adverbs of degree go directly before adjectives or mental verbs to show intensity, emotion, or a slight problem. Mastering 很, 非常, 太, 真, and 有（一）点儿 helps you build natural descriptive sentences without relying on English-style l…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Frequency adverbs
In beginner Mandarin, the frequency adverb 再 (zài) expresses that an action will happen again or be repeated one more time. Unlike English, where 'again' usually goes at the end of a sentence, 再 (zài) must stand directly before the action v…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Time adverbs
In Mandarin Chinese, verbs do not change form to show tense or aspect. Instead, time adverbs like 在 and 正在 are placed directly before a verb to show that an action is in progress.
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Negative adverbs
Mandarin uses different negative adverbs depending on whether you are negating a habit or state, an objective past event or possession, or giving a negative command. This lesson covers the three Level 1 negative adverbs in the supplied HSK …
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Linking adverbs
In the HSK 1 grammar outline, both 也 (yě) and 还 (hái, sense 1) function as conjunctive adverbs that link clauses by adding information. While both can often translate to 'also' or 'in addition', they are not always interchangeable. This les…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Scope adverbs
In Chinese, the scope adverb 都 (dōu) indicates that an action or state applies to every member of a group mentioned earlier in the sentence. Depending on whether the group has two or more items, it translates to "both" or "all" in English.
View detailsSentence components › Attributive
In Mandarin Chinese, an attributive (定语) is any word or phrase that modifies, restricts, or describes a head noun (中心语). At Level 1 of the supplied HSK outline, learners focus on three core types of attributives: nominal words and phrases, …
View detailsSentence components › Complement › Quantity complements 1
In Mandarin Chinese, to state how many times an action occurs, you place a number and an action measure word directly after the verb. This structure is listed in the HSK 1 outline as Complements of Quantity 1: Verb + Action-Measure Compleme…
View detailsWord classes › Conjunctions › Connecting words or phrases
In beginner Chinese, the conjunction 和 (hé) joins parallel words or short phrases—most commonly nouns and pronouns—just like 'and' in English. Unlike English 'and', however, it cannot connect two independent clauses or full sentences.
View detailsSentence types › Sentence patterns › Simple sentences
In Mandarin Chinese, a noun or noun phrase can serve directly as the predicate of a sentence without a linking verb like 是 (shì). Known in the HSK 1 syllabus as 名词谓语句 (míngcí wèiyǔ jù), this pattern is commonly used in spoken Chinese to sta…
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