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Special expressions › Time expressions
Learn to state a year, month, date, or weekday in Chinese, and put these calendar expressions in a natural order. This lesson focuses on years, months, days, and weekdays; telling the time of day is a separate topic.
View detailsSpecial expressions › Time expressions
Learn the basic patterns for asking and telling clock time in Chinese: name the hour with 点, add minutes with 分, and use 半 for half past. See how the wording fits everyday questions, schedules, and appointments.
View detailsWord classes › Interjections
In Chinese, the interjection 喂 is used primarily to answer or initiate a telephone call, and secondarily to call out for someone's attention from a distance or in informal situations. It stands at the very beginning of an utterance and chan…
View detailsWord classes › Measure words › Nominal measure words
In Chinese, uncountable liquids such as water, tea, and milk are quantified using container words. At HSK 1 in the supplied outline, 杯 (bēi) is introduced as a borrowed nominal measure word meaning a cup or glass of something.
View detailsWord classes › Measure words › Nominal measure words
In Mandarin Chinese, numerals and demonstratives cannot directly modify a noun on their own. Instead, a nominal measure word (名量词) must sit between them. This lesson covers the eight dedicated nominal measure words listed in the HSK 1 gramm…
View detailsWord classes › Measure words › Time measure words
In Mandarin, words for days, years, age, and clock units act directly as temporal measure words (时量词). They combine straight with numbers without needing a general classifier like 个 in between.
View detailsWord classes › Nouns › Locality nouns
In Chinese, basic words for position such as 上 (on/above), 下 (under/below), 里 (inside), 外 (outside), 前 (in front/before), and 后 (behind/after) are classified as nouns of locality (方位名词). Unlike English prepositions, they are placed after th…
View detailsWord classes › Numerals
This lesson explains the foundational Chinese numerals listed in Level 1 of the supplied HSK grammar outline: the digits zero through nine (零, 一, 二, 三, 四, 五, 六, 七, 八, 九), the quantity word 两, the multipliers ten, hundred, and thousand (十, 百…
View detailsSentence components › Object
In Mandarin Chinese, the object of a basic action or state verb typically follows the verb directly. At the beginner level, this sentence slot is most commonly filled by a single noun, a pronoun, or an expanded noun phrase.
View detailsWord classes › Particles › Modal particles
Sentence-final modal particles (语气助词) sit at the very end of a Mandarin clause or noun phrase to express speaker mood, question type, suggestion, or a new situation. In the Level 1 syllabus outline, learners encounter six core entries: 吧1, …
View detailsWord classes › Particles › Structural particles
The structural particle 的 (de) connects a modifier or possessor to a following head noun. It is the primary tool at the beginner level for expressing possession and describing nouns.
View detailsWord classes › Particles › Aspect particles
了1 normally follows the verb to present an action as a realized, bounded event. It does not itself mark past tense or guarantee that an intended task was finished. In ordinary negation with 没, omit this aspect particle.
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