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Sentence components › Predicate
In Mandarin Chinese, a sentence predicate does not always require a verb. Under specific conditions, nouns, pronouns, numerals, and numeral-measure phrases can follow the subject directly to state dates, ages, prices, origins, or inquire ab…
View detailsSentence components › Predicate
In Mandarin Chinese, the predicate tells us what the subject does, what it is, or how it is described. At the foundational level, two core predicate types are formed directly with verbs (or verbal phrases) and adjectives (or adjectival phra…
View detailsMorphemes › Prefixes
At HSK Level 1, the morpheme prefixes 小— (xiǎo-) and 第— (dì-) attach to the front of other words or roots to create friendly terms of address, affectionate nouns, and ordinal numbers.
View detailsWord classes › Prepositions › Introducing time or place
In Mandarin Chinese, the preposition 在 (zài) introduces the location or time of an action before the main verb.
View detailsWord classes › Prepositions › Introducing a target
In Mandarin Chinese, the prepositions 和 (hé) and 对 (duì) appear before the main verb or adjective to introduce the person or thing affected by or involved in an action. While 和 marks an interactive partner or companion, 对 points toward the …
View detailsWord classes › Pronouns › Interrogative pronouns
Chinese interrogative pronouns stay in the exact grammatical slot of the answer rather than moving to the front of the sentence. This guide covers the eleven Level 1 question words for people, things, places, choices, quantities, degrees, a…
View detailsWord classes › Pronouns › Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns in Mandarin allow you to point out specific people, objects, locations, and indefinite subsets within a group. Mastering them at the beginner level requires knowing when to use a measure word, how to distinguish objec…
View detailsWord classes › Pronouns › Personal pronouns
Chinese personal pronouns do not change form between subject and object positions. In the HSK 1 outline, you learn singular forms (我, 你, 您, 他, 她, 它), regular plural forms made with 们 (我们, 你们, 他们, 她们, 它们), and the collective pronoun 大家.
View detailsSentence types › Sentence patterns › Simple sentences
A verb-predicate sentence (动词谓语句) is a fundamental single-clause sentence type in Chinese where a verb or verb phrase serves as the main predicate to state what the subject does, experiences, or undergoes.
View detailsSentence types › Sentence patterns › Simple sentences
In Mandarin Chinese, adjectives can serve directly as the main predicate of a sentence to describe the state or quality of a subject without needing the verb 是 (shì). In simple affirmative statements, a degree adverb such as 很 (hěn) typical…
View detailsPhrases › Structural types › Basic structural types
A subject-predicate phrase (主谓短语) combines a topic or subject with a statement about it. In Mandarin, predicates can be verbs, adjectives, or even time and date nouns without needing a linking verb in neutral statements.
View detailsPhrases › Structural types › Basic structural types
A coordinate phrase (联合短语) combines two or more grammatically equal words or phrases into a single unit. At the beginner level, this primarily involves joining nouns or pronouns with a conjunction or a listing pause, as well as placing para…
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