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Sentence components › Complement › Directional complements 2
In Mandarin, directional complements often extend beyond physical movement to express aspectual meanings. At HSK Level 3, both Verb + 上 and Verb + 起来 indicate that an action, habit, or psychological state has begun, though they pair with di…
View detailsSentence components › Complement › Directional complements 2
In their continuation uses, 下去 looks forward from a reference point, while 下来 looks back over a process reaching that point or a retained result. The reference point need not be the moment of speaking. Both also have other meanings, so inte…
View detailsSentence components › Complement › Potential complements 1
In Chinese, potential complements insert 得 (de) or 不 (bu) between an action verb and a resultative verb or adjective to indicate whether an outcome is achievable under specific conditions.
View detailsSentence components › Complement › Degree complements 1
Adjective + 得很 expresses a high degree, roughly “really/very [adjective]”. The adjective phrase often serves as a predicate; 得很 is the degree complement inside it. It is usually more emphatic than unstressed 很 before an adjective, but conte…
View detailsSentence components › Complement › Degree complements 1
In Chinese, to express that a quality or feeling has reached an extreme level, you can place the degree complements 极了 or 坏了 directly after an adjective or mental verb. While 极了 works broadly across positive, neutral, and negative situation…
View detailsSentence components › Complement › Quantity complements 3
In Chinese, a time-duration phrase placed after a verb does not always measure how long an action lasted. When paired with an instantaneous or non-continuous verb—such as arriving, graduating, or stopping—the quantity complement measures th…
View detailsSentence types › Sentence functions › Questions
In Chinese, specific questions asking about the method, manner, or way of performing an action can be formed by placing 怎样 (zěnyàng) directly before the action verb. This lesson covers the exact word order, appropriate registers, and common…
View detailsSentence types › Sentence functions › Rhetorical questions 1
In its rhetorical use, 不是……吗？ presents a proposition as something the speaker expects the listener to accept. It can remind, challenge or express surprise. The same negative-question form can also seek genuine confirmation; context and into…
View detailsSentence types › Special sentence patterns › 把 sentences 1
This lesson explains the HSK 3 pattern 主语 + 把 + 宾语 + 动词 + 在/到 + 处所. Use it to present an object as being handled and placed or moved to a location. Learn how 在 and 到 guide the meaning, how to form a question, and when ordinary subject–verb–…
View detailsSentence types › Special sentence patterns › 把 sentences 1
This lesson explains the HSK 3 pattern 主语+把+宾语1+动词（+给）+宾语2. It shows how the construction presents an affected object and, in common giving or handing situations, identifies its recipient.
View detailsSentence types › Special sentence patterns › 把 sentences 1
In 主语+把+宾语+动词+补语, the complement can specify a result, a direction, or a description of manner, degree or state. The object is presented as something being handled; a state complement need not mean that the object was physically changed.
View detailsSentence types › Special sentence patterns › Passive sentences 1
This lesson explains the pattern subject + 被 + agent + verb + other elements, including its focus, word order, questions, and contrast with an active sentence.
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