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Word classes › Verbs › Modal verbs
In Chinese, 可能 (kěnéng) functions as a modal verb to estimate objective possibility or make an educated guess about a present, future, or past situation. It translates closely to may, might, or could in English and always precedes the main …
View detailsWord classes › Verbs › Verb reduplication
Verb reduplication in Chinese repeats a one-syllable or two-syllable action verb to show that an action is brief, casual, or done as a quick attempt, softening requests and everyday statements.
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Degree adverbs
These HSK 3 degree expressions help describe relative, slight, strong, and changing degrees. Most precede the adjective or mental verb they modify. Learn 高兴极了 as a common extreme-degree pattern, while also recognizing pre-adjective 极 in exp…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Modal adverbs
In the HSK 3 syllabus outline, six key words—大概, 必须, 差不多, 一定, 好像, and 几乎—are grouped under modal adverbs (情态副词). Together, they allow speakers to express obligation, certainty, probability, impression, and near-completion before a verb or a…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Attitudinal adverbs
Modal adverbs (语气副词) allow speakers to inject personal attitude, certainty, relief, or evaluation into a statement. In the Level 3 syllabus outline, this group includes 当然, 其实, 终于, and specific modal senses of 才 and 就.
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Negative adverbs
不必 and 不用 commonly mean need not or do not have to before an action. 不用 is especially common in everyday replies; 不必 often sounds more formal. Both can form a short reply when the action is understood, but they do not have the same uses dir…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Time adverbs
The supplied HSK 3 outline groups 才、马上、先、一会儿、刚、刚刚 and 一直 as time adverbs. This lesson shows useful positions and contrasts: recent events, late timing, an imminent action, sequence, and continuity. The common subject + adverb + predicate or…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Scope adverbs
Adverbs of scope (范围副词) define the boundaries of an action, quantity, or group. At Level 3 of the supplied HSK grammar outline, six key items fall into two functional groups: restrictive adverbs that narrow down possibilities (只, 就, 只是) and…
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Linking adverbs
一边……一边…… links activities that overlap in time. They may be performed by the same person or by different people. The overlap can be within one moment or across a longer period, such as combining work and study.
View detailsWord classes › Adverbs › Frequency adverbs
This lesson explains how to express how often actions happen or repeat in Mandarin using the core frequency adverbs 总, 总是, 又, and 常常 from the HSK 3 outline.
View detailsWord classes › Conjunctions › Connecting clauses or sentences
This lesson explains how to link clauses and sentences using eight core conjunctions listed at Level 3 of the supplied HSK grammar outline: 只有, 只要, 不但, 而且, 如果, 可, 可是, and 然后.
View detailsWord classes › Conjunctions › Connecting words or phrases
In Chinese, the conjunctions 或 (huò) and 或者 (huòzhě) both mean 'or' and are used to connect alternative words or phrases in statements. While 或者 is standard across everyday speech and general writing, 或 is more compact and frequently appear…
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