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Special expressions › Number expressions
Use 大概 before a number or quantity when you want to give an estimate rather than an exact figure. Learn the common sentence patterns, practical contexts, and how context affects the meaning.
View detailsSpecial expressions › Number expressions
In Chinese, two nearby number words can appear together to give an approximate quantity. Learn the common patterns, where they fit naturally, and how to distinguish an estimate from an exact count.
View detailsWord classes › Measure words › Nominal measure words
In Mandarin, nouns for everyday tableware like 碗 (bowl) and 盘 (plate) are regularly borrowed as nominal measure words to quantify food, soup, and other items served in them.
View detailsWord classes › Measure words › Nominal measure words
This lesson covers 20 specialized nominal measure words in the supplied HSK 3 outline. The basic pattern is number or demonstrative + measure word + noun. Learn conventional pairings as well as units of weight, length, time, and currency, r…
View detailsWord classes › Measure words › Verbal measure words
Verbal measure words (动量词) quantify how many times or in what manner an action occurs. This lesson covers four specific verbal classifiers from the HSK 3 outline—口, 回, 遍, and 声—explaining their exact meanings, object placement rules, and pr…
View detailsWord classes › Measure words › Measure-word reduplication
In Mandarin Chinese, measure words can be doubled—such as 个个 and 张张—to mean 'every single one' within a known group. In the supplied Level 3 syllabus outline, this pattern is used before a predicate to state that all items share a specific …
View detailsWord classes › Nouns › Locality nouns
This lesson explains the Level 3 locality nouns (方位名词) in the supplied HSK outline: the four monosyllabic cardinal directions (东, 南, 西, 北), their disyllabic regional and cultural counterparts (东方, 南方, 西方, 北方), and the relational position wo…
View detailsWord classes › Particles › Other particles
The particle 的话 (dehuà) attaches to the end of a clause or short phrase to mark a hypothetical condition or to single out a conversation topic. It works either on its own or paired with conditional conjunctions like 如果 (rúguǒ) and 要是 (yàosh…
View detailsMorphemes › Prefixes
In Mandarin, 老 (lǎo) is not always an adjective meaning old. As an HSK 3 prefix, it attaches to monosyllabic surnames to show familiarity, to numbers to indicate birth order among siblings, and to certain roots to form everyday nouns.
View detailsWord classes › Prepositions › Introducing agent or patient
In the HSK 3 grammar outline, the prepositions 把 (bǎ) and 被 (bèi) are grouped under the function of introducing agents (施事) and patients (受事). While standard Chinese sentences rely on word order alone to show who does what to whom, 把 brings…
View detailsWord classes › Prepositions › Introducing a target
In Chinese, prepositions come before a noun phrase to show how that person or thing relates to the rest of the sentence. At Level 3 of the supplied HSK outline, 为 (wèi), 向 (xiàng), and 关于 (guānyú) are grouped under prepositions that introdu…
View detailsWord classes › Prepositions › Introducing means or basis
In Chinese, the preposition 根据 (gēnjù) introduces the basis, foundation, or grounds for a judgment, conclusion, or action. It corresponds closely to English phrases like 'according to' or 'based on' and normally comes before the main predic…
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