# Chinese Grammar for HSK: Structures & Examples · Page 8 | HSKReady Canonical: https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/8 Language: en Content ID: grammar-index-page-8 Scope: published website educational content; full vocabulary, question bank and mock exams remain in the app. Page 8 · Explore all 593 grammar points in the HSK Official Examination Outline by level and category, with available lessons, examples and explanations. # Grammar Follow the HSK Official Examination Outline, with explanations and Chinese examples. ## Explore the outline by HSK level All 593 outline points · choose a level to see its categories and available lessons. [**HSK 1**70 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-1)[**HSK 2**78 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2)[**HSK 3**96 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-3)[**HSK 4**95 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4)[**HSK 5**70 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-5)[**HSK 6**50 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-6)[**HSK 7–9**134 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9) Level HSK 1 / HSK 2 / HSK 3 / HSK 4 / HSK 5 / HSK 6 / HSK 7–9 Outline category All categories / Morphemes / Word classes / Phrases / Fixed patterns / Sentence components / Sentence types / Aspect / Special expressions / Discourse ## Grammar 85–96 / 593 HSK 2 Fixed patterns ## [HSK 2 Fixed Phrase: Expressing "Already" and Emphasis with 都……了](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-fixed-phrases-c409385419) While beginners first learn 都 as 'all' or 'both', the fixed frame 都……了 means 'already' with an added tone of surprise, urgency, or mild complaint. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-fixed-phrases-c409385419) HSK 2 Phrases › Fixed phrases › Other fixed phrases ## [Using 什么的 (shénme de) to Mean "And So On" in Chinese](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-fixed-phrases-cceea17e86) The fixed phrase 什么的 (shénme de) is placed at the end of a noun, verb phrase, or short list to mean "and so on", "or whatever", or "and things like that" in casual spoken Mandarin. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-fixed-phrases-cceea17e86) HSK 2 Word classes › Prepositions › Introducing a target ## [Using the Preposition 比 (bǐ) to Introduce a Target of Comparison in Chinese](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-introducing-a-target-g025) 比 (bǐ) introduces the benchmark in a Chinese comparison. In the basic pattern A + 比 + B + adjective, 比 + B comes before the adjective; an English than-phrase normally follows the comparative adjective. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-introducing-a-target-g025) HSK 2 Phrases › Functional types › Noun phrases ## [HSK 2 Functional Phrase Types: Nominal Phrases (名词性短语)](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-noun-phrases-g038) A nominal phrase (名词性短语) is a group of words that functions together like a single noun in a sentence, typically serving as a subject or object. At HSK Level 2, mastering nominal phrases means placing all descriptive modifiers, possessives,… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-noun-phrases-g038) HSK 2 Phrases › Functional types › Verb phrases ## [HSK 2 Grammar: Verbal Phrases (动词性短语) as a Functional Phrase Type](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-verb-phrases-g039) In Mandarin grammar, a verbal phrase (动词性短语) is a multi-word unit centered around a verb that behaves like a single verb in a sentence. At HSK 2 level, recognizing how these phrases function as predicates, subjects, or objects without chang… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-verb-phrases-g039) HSK 2 Phrases › Functional types › Adjective phrases ## [HSK 2 Grammar: Adjectival Phrases (形容词性短语)](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-adjective-phrases-g040) An adjectival phrase (形容词性短语) is a word group built around an adjective that functions as a single descriptive unit in a sentence. At HSK 2, you use these phrases to serve as the main predicate, to describe nouns with 的, or to evaluate acti… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-adjective-phrases-g040) HSK 2 Sentence components › Complement › Result complements 1 ## [HSK 2 Result Complements 1: Verb + 错, 懂, 好, 会, 完](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-result-complements-1-g048) In Chinese, a single action verb often describes an activity without confirming its outcome. To state the specific result of an action, you attach a result complement (结果补语) directly after the main verb. This lesson covers the core HSK 2 pa… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-result-complements-1-g048) HSK 2 Sentence components › Complement › Directional complements 1 ## [Simple Directional Complements with 来 and 去 (动词+来/去)](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-directional-complements-1-g049) In Mandarin, placing 来 (lái) or 去 (qù) after an action verb forms a simple directional complement that shows whether an action moves toward or away from the speaker. Mastering this pattern requires tracking your reference point and placing … [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-directional-complements-1-g049) HSK 2 Sentence components › Complement › Directional complements 1 ## [HSK 2 Directional Complements: Verb + 上 / 下 / 进 / 出 / 过 / 回](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-directional-complements-1-g050) This lesson explains the second category of basic directional complements in the HSK Level 2 syllabus: attaching 上, 下, 进, 出, 过, or 回 directly after an action verb to specify the spatial path of movement. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-directional-complements-1-g050) HSK 2 Sentence components › Complement › Directional complements 1 ## [HSK 2 Compound Directional Complements: Literal Movement with Action Verbs](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-directional-complements-1-g051) Compound directional complements combine a path word with 来 or 去, as in 出来 and 进去. 来/去 usually relate movement to a viewpoint, often the speaker’s location or a location adopted in context. The conventional form 起来, as in 站起来, describes ris… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-directional-complements-1-g051) HSK 2 Sentence components › Complement › State complements 1 ## [HSK 2 Complements of State (状态补语1): Verb + 得 + Adjectival Phrase](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-state-complements-1-g052) The complement of state with 得 (de) follows a verb to evaluate, describe, or state the habitual quality or resultative state of an action. Unlike English adverbs that can follow objects directly, Chinese requires 得 to attach immediately to … [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-state-complements-1-g052) HSK 2 Sentence components › Complement › Quantity complements 2 ## [HSK 2 Complements of Quantity: Expressing the Duration of an Action](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-quantity-complements-2-g053) A complement of duration is a type of quantity complement placed after a verb to show how long an action or state continues. Mastering its word order requires knowing whether the verb takes an object and whether that object is a general nou… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2-quantity-complements-2-g053) ### No matching results Try another keyword or clear the filters. 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