# Chinese Grammar for HSK: Structures & Examples · Page 43 | HSKReady Canonical: https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/43 Language: en Content ID: grammar-index-page-43 Scope: published website educational content; full vocabulary, question bank and mock exams remain in the app. Page 43 · Explore all 593 grammar points in the HSK Official Examination Outline by level and category, with available lessons, examples and explanations. # Grammar Follow the HSK Official Examination Outline, with explanations and Chinese examples. ## Explore the outline by HSK level All 593 outline points · choose a level to see its categories and available lessons. [**HSK 1**70 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-1)[**HSK 2**78 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2)[**HSK 3**96 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-3)[**HSK 4**95 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4)[**HSK 5**70 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-5)[**HSK 6**50 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-6)[**HSK 7–9**134 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9) Level HSK 1 / HSK 2 / HSK 3 / HSK 4 / HSK 5 / HSK 6 / HSK 7–9 Outline category All categories / Morphemes / Word classes / Phrases / Fixed patterns / Sentence components / Sentence types / Aspect / Special expressions / Discourse ## Grammar 505–516 / 593 HSK 7–9 Phrases › Fixed phrases › Discourse markers ## [HSK 7-9 Discourse Marker: 综上所述 (zōngshàngsuǒshù)](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-discourse-markers-g062) The fixed four-character phrase 综上所述 (zōngshàngsuǒshù) is a high-register discourse marker meaning 'to sum up what has been stated above.' It signals that the writer or speaker is synthesizing multiple prior points of analysis or evidence t… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-discourse-markers-g062) HSK 7–9 Phrases › Fixed phrases › Discourse markers ## [HSK 7-9 Discourse Marker 总的来说: Giving an Overall Assessment](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-discourse-markers-g063) 总的来说 means “overall/on the whole”. It frames a broad assessment rather than each individual detail. Mixed advantages and disadvantages make a common use, but the phrase does not require counterexamples, guarantee fairness or determine wheth… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-discourse-markers-g063) HSK 7–9 Phrases › Fixed phrases › Discourse markers ## [HSK 7-9 Discourse Marker 总而言之: Meaning, Register, and Usage](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-discourse-markers-g064) 总而言之 is an HSK 7–9 fixed discourse marker meaning “in short” or “to sum up”. It introduces a concise takeaway from the preceding discussion or an understood situation; there is no minimum number of preceding clauses. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-discourse-markers-g064) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [X到这个地步 / 份上: Describing How Far a Situation Has Gone](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g065) The frame X到这个地步 / 份上 presents a situation as having reached a notable stage or degree. Learn what stays fixed, what X can contain, and how context shapes its tone. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g065) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [Emphasizing an Extreme State with 得要命 and 得要死](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g066) Learn the fixed patterns 得要命 and 得要死, what can precede them, how their force and register work, and how they differ from a neutral description. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g066) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [Emphatic Verb Repetition: X都不/没X](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g067) In this fixed pattern, repeat a verb or verbal expression around 都不 or 都没: 看都不看, 想都没想. The first occurrence puts the action in focus; the second denies it emphatically. This is different from the non-repeated quantity pattern 一句话都没说. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g067) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [X就X个Y: if you do it, do it fully](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g068) Repeat an action verb around 就, then add 个 and a suitable result or degree: 玩就玩个痛快. The speaker commits to doing the action thoroughly, to a satisfying extent, or until a clear outcome is reached. It does not mean that a person has their ow… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g068) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [X了Y，Y了X: alternating actions repeatedly](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g069) Use two action expressions in reverse order to show a cycle: X了Y，Y了X. For example, 写了改，改了写 presents writing and revising over and over. The frame does not simply describe two related changes, and its use of 了 is not a past-tense rule. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g069) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [X也好，Y也罢: Including Alternatives in Chinese](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g070) X也好，Y也罢 presents two alternatives as a combined range: whichever one applies, the following statement holds. Learn its fixed wording, slot choices, pragmatic force, register, and a clear contrast with repeating 也好. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g070) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [别提（有）多……了: Emphasizing an Extreme Degree](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g071) 别提（有）多……了 is a fixed, emphatic way to say that someone or something has an especially strong quality or feeling. Learn when 有 may be omitted and how context shapes the tone. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g071) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [不亚于: Saying Something Is No Less Than Its Comparison](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g072) 不亚于 is a formal comparison frame meaning that one person, quality, result, or thing is no less than a stated comparison in a relevant respect. This lesson explains the fixed wording, what can follow it, its emphatic force, and when a simple… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g072) HSK 7–9 Fixed patterns ## [不知…是好/才好: not knowing what to do](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g073) This advanced fixed pattern presents a speaker as unsure which action, option, or response would be best. Learn how its frame works, when it sounds natural, and how it differs from simply asking for information. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9-fixed-patterns-g073) ### No matching results Try another keyword or clear the filters. [‹ Previous](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/42) [1](https://hskready.app/en/grammar)[42](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/42)[43](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/43)[44](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/44)[50](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/50) [Next ›](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/44)