# Chinese Grammar for HSK: Structures & Examples · Page 28 | HSKReady Canonical: https://hskready.app/en/grammar/page/28 Language: en Content ID: grammar-index-page-28 Scope: published website educational content; full vocabulary, question bank and mock exams remain in the app. Page 28 · Explore all 593 grammar points in the HSK Official Examination Outline by level and category, with available lessons, examples and explanations. # Grammar Follow the HSK Official Examination Outline, with explanations and Chinese examples. ## Explore the outline by HSK level All 593 outline points · choose a level to see its categories and available lessons. [**HSK 1**70 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-1)[**HSK 2**78 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-2)[**HSK 3**96 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-3)[**HSK 4**95 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4)[**HSK 5**70 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-5)[**HSK 6**50 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-6)[**HSK 7–9**134 points](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-7-9) Level HSK 1 / HSK 2 / HSK 3 / HSK 4 / HSK 5 / HSK 6 / HSK 7–9 Outline category All categories / Morphemes / Word classes / Phrases / Fixed patterns / Sentence components / Sentence types / Aspect / Special expressions / Discourse ## Grammar 325–336 / 593 HSK 4 Word classes › Interjections ## [HSK 4 Interjections (叹词): Using 啊 and 嗯 Naturally](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-interjections-d858118bb9) In Chinese grammar, interjections (叹词) are independent words placed outside the main clause to express immediate emotion, sudden realization, inquiry, or agreement. In the Level 4 grammar outline, 啊 and 嗯 are the core interjections used in … [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-interjections-d858118bb9) HSK 4 Word classes › Measure words › Verbal measure words ## [HSK 4 Verbal Measure Words: 场 (chǎng / cháng), 顿 (dùn), and 趟 (tàng)](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-measure-words-03cd3d08a4) Verbal measure words count actions or episodes. 场 groups an event or spell, 顿 counts meals or a concentrated bout of action, and 趟 counts trips or visits. These meanings do not by themselves guarantee recovery from an illness or a completed… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-measure-words-03cd3d08a4) HSK 4 Word classes › Measure words › Nominal measure words ## [HSK 4 Borrowed Nominal Measure Words: 脸, 手, 盒, 屋子, and 桌子](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-measure-words-c682f39557) In Mandarin, certain regular nouns representing containers, surfaces, spaces, or body parts can temporarily function as nominal measure words (借用名量词). The HSK 4 outline highlights five core borrowed measure words: 脸 (face), 手 (hand), 盒 (box… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-measure-words-c682f39557) HSK 4 Word classes › Measure words › Nominal measure words ## [HSK 4 Dedicated Nominal Measure Words: 打, 袋, 棵, 台, and 幅](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-measure-words-c969b12fd2) Chinese counting phrases commonly pair a numeral or demonstrative with a suitable classifier. This HSK 4 outline item groups 打、袋、棵、台 and 幅. Learn their familiar collocations for dozens, bags, plants, machines or shows, and visual works rath… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-measure-words-c969b12fd2) HSK 4 Word classes › Particles › Other particles ## [HSK 4 Other Particles: 等, 者, 之, and 就是](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-particles-c4c6bd7790) Beyond common aspect and structural particles, the HSK 4 outline groups 等 (the listing particle), 者, 之, and 就是 under the category of other particles (其他助词). Understanding their register and structural limits helps learners transition smooth… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-particles-c4c6bd7790) HSK 4 Word classes › Prepositions › Introducing means or basis ## [Prepositions of Basis and Role in Chinese: 作为, 按, and 按照](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-45f14dd9f0) This lesson explains how to use the prepositions 作为 (as, in the capacity of) and 按 / 按照 (according to, in accordance with) to introduce a basis, role, or standard for an action. [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-45f14dd9f0) HSK 4 Word classes › Prepositions › Introducing time or place ## [HSK 4 Prepositions Introducing Time and Location: 自, 当, 由, 随着, and 等](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-78e0dc1a59) This HSK 4 outline item covers 自、当、由、随着 and 等. 自 and 由 can mark origins or routes; 当 frames a time or event; 随着 can describe parallel change or accompaniment; and 等 sets a time or condition for the next action. Their collocations and regist… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-78e0dc1a59) HSK 4 Word classes › Prepositions › Introducing a target ## [HSK 4 Prepositions Introducing Objects: 对于 and 与](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-a7bbe7bffc) The HSK 4 outline groups 对于 and 与1 under prepositions introducing a target or related party. 对于 frames what a statement or attitude concerns; 与 introduces a participant or counterpart in an interaction, comparison or relationship. The choic… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-a7bbe7bffc) HSK 4 Word classes › Prepositions › Introducing agent or patient ## [HSK 4 Prepositions for Agents and Patients: 将, 由, 叫, and 让](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-aee0e0de66) In the Level 4 syllabus outline, the prepositions 将, 由, 叫, and 让 are grouped under introducing the agent (施事, the doer of an action) or the patient (受事, the receiver of an action). While 将 brings the patient forward in formal disposal sente… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-aee0e0de66) HSK 4 Word classes › Prepositions › Introducing a cause ## [HSK 4 Grammar: Introducing Causes with the Preposition 由于 (yóuyú)](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-b451fcf791) 由于 (yóuyú) introduces a cause and often sounds more written or formal than 因为. This HSK 4 lesson practices noun-phrase causes placed before an outcome, while distinguishing them from the predicate frame 是由于……, which presents the reason afte… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-prepositions-b451fcf791) HSK 4 Word classes › Pronouns › Demonstrative pronouns ## [HSK 4 Demonstrative Pronouns: 各, 各位, 各种, 任何, and 此](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-pronouns-d1b1366e4f) Beyond basic pointing words for 'this' and 'that', intermediate Chinese uses specialized demonstrative pronouns to single out individuals within a group, address audiences politely, describe variety, express 'any' without exception, or refe… [View details](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-pronouns-d1b1366e4f) HSK 4 Phrases › Structural types ## [HSK 4 Phrase Structure: Numeral + Adjective + Measure Word (数词+形容词+量词)](https://hskready.app/en/grammar/hsk-4-structures-64d86f7ae3) In Chinese, a select group of monosyllabic adjectives like 大 (big), 小 (small), 整 (whole), and 满 (full) can be inserted directly between a numeral and a measure word to emphasize the size, volume, or completeness of the unit. 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